Dietary improvements may prevent NAFLD

Last Updated: 2018-04-27

By Lisa Rapaport

(Reuters Health) - People who make an effort to improve their diet may have a lower risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFDL) than individuals who stick to unhealthy eating habits, a U.S. study suggests.

While dietary changes are recommended to treat NAFLD, research hasn't clearly demonstrated whether these changes can work for prevention.

For the current study, researchers examined data from 1,521 participants in the long-running Framingham Heart Study.

During the study, people with above-average increases in adherence to a healthy Mediterranean diet were at least 26% less likely to develop fatty liver than individuals with average increases in adherence, the study found.

Above-average increases in sticking to another liver-friendly diet, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, were associated with at least 21% lower odds of developing fatty liver, researchers reported March 28 online in Gastroenterology.

People with a high genetic risk for fatty liver disease whose diet scores decreased during the study period accumulated more fat in their livers. But even with a high genetic risk, fat accumulation didn't increase if people maintained or improved their diets.

"Our findings demonstrate that increasing diet quality is associated with less liver fat accumulation and reduced risk for new-onset fatty liver, particularly in individuals with a high genetic risk for NAFLD," said senior study author Dr. Daniel Levy, director of the Framingham Heart Study and a researcher at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.

Participants who had improved diet quality scores consumed more fruit, vegetables, and whole grains, which have high amounts of water and fiber.

"We speculated that these foods may decrease energy intake by affecting satiety and improve weight control and therefore reduce liver fat," Levy said by email. "It is also possible that fiber intake may affect gut bacteria and subsequently have impact on liver fat."

Both diets in the study also limit intake of red meat and encourage consumption of foods like nuts, which may help reduce liver fat accumulation, Levy added.

Researchers also relied on questionnaires to assess participants" diets, which can be unreliable, and they lacked data on non-dietary causes of liver fat accumulation including certain medications and viral infections.

Even so, the findings add to the evidence suggesting that healthy eating habits can minimize the risk of fatty liver disease, even when people have a genetic risk for this condition, said Shira Zelber-Sagi, a researcher at the University of Haifa in Israel who wasn't involved in the study.

"Genetics is not a destiny," Zelber-Sagi said by email. "The patients have the power to improve their liver health by themselves in many cases of NAFLD."

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/2r6sVG3

Gastroenterology 2018.