Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020 Nov 18;izaa294. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa294. Online ahead of print.

Gabriella Bröms ^1 2, Sonia Friedman ³, Seoyoung C Kim ⁴, Mollie E Wood ⁵, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz ⁵, Gregory Brill ⁴, Brian T Bateman ^4 6, Krista F Huybrechts ⁴, Rishi J Desai ⁴

Author information

• ¹Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet.
• ²Department of Internal Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ³Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁴Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁶Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Abstract

Background: Population-level data spanning different countries describing oral and parenteral treatment in pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. We studied treatment with sulfasalazine/5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, thiopurines/immunomodulators, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors in the United States (Optum Clinformatics Data Mart and the Medicaid Analytics Extract [MAX]) and in the Swedish national health registers.

Methods: We identified 2975 pregnant women in Optum (2004-2013), 3219 women in MAX (2001-2013), and 1713 women in Sweden (2006-2015) with a recorded diagnosis of IBD. We assessed patterns of use for each drug class according to filled prescriptions, assessing frequency of treatment continuation in those that were treated in the prepregnancy period.

Results: The proportion of women with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis on any treatment during pregnancy was 56.1% and 56.3% in Optum, 47.5% and 49.3% in MAX, and 61.3% and 64.7% in Sweden, respectively, and remained stable over time. Sulfasalazine/5-aminosalicylates was the most commonly used treatment in Crohn's disease, ranging from 25.1% in MAX to 31.8% in Optum, and in ulcerative colitis, ranging from 34.9% in MAX to 53.6% in Sweden. From 2006 to 2012, the TNF-inhibitor use increased from 5.0% to 15.5% in Optum, from 3.6% to 8.5% in MAX, and from 0.7% to 8.3% in Sweden. Continuing TNF-inhibitor treatment throughout pregnancy was more common in Optum (55.8%) and in MAX (43.0%) than in Sweden (11.8%).

Conclusions: In this population-based study from 2 countries, the proportion of women with IBD treatment in pregnancy remained relatively constant. TNF-inhibitor use increased substantially in both countries.