Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 3;14(1):12668. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63299-y.

Rebecca Pierce ^# 1, Ning-Jiun Jan ^# 1, Pankaj Kumar ², Jeremy Middleton ³, William A Petri ¹, Chelsea Marie ⁴

Author information

¹Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

²Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

³Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

⁴Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA. csm8r@virginia.edu.

^#Contributed equally.

Abstract

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory condition of the intestine characterized by largely unknown etiology and a relapse remission cycle of disease control. While possible triggers have been identified, research is inconsistent on the precise cause of these relapses, especially in the under-researched pediatric population. We hypothesized that patients in remission would have persistent microbial and inflammatory changes in small intestinal tissue that might trigger relapse. To this end, we analyzed intestinal biopsy samples from six patients with pediatric Crohn's disease in remission and a control group of 16 pediatric patients with no evident pathogenic abnormality. We identified compositional microbiota differences, including decreases in the genera Streptococcus and Actinobacillus as well as increases in Oribacterium and Prevotella in patients with controlled Crohn's disease compared to controls. Further, a histologic analysis found that patients with controlled Crohn's disease had increased epithelial integrity, and decreased intraepithelial lymphocytes compared with controls. Additionally, we observed increased peripheral CD4⁺ T cells in patients with pediatric Crohn's disease. These results indicate that markers of intestinal inflammation are responsive to Crohn's disease treatment, however the interventions may not resolve the underlying dysbiosis. These findings suggest that persistent dysbiosis may increase vulnerability to relapse of pediatric Crohn's disease. This study used a nested cohort of patients from the Bangladesh Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (BEED) study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02812615 Date of first registration: 24/06/2016).