Dig Liver Dis. 2021 Jan;53(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.033.Epub 2020 Nov 11.

Lucia Cococcioni ¹, Simona Panelli ², Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi ³, Domenico Di Carlo ⁴, Dario Pistone ⁵, Gabriella Leccese ³, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti ⁶, Francesco Comandatore ⁷

Author information

• ¹Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy.
• ²"L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy. Electronic address: simona.panelli1@unimi.it.
• ³Department of Biosciences, Università di Milano, Italy.
• ⁴Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy.
• ⁵Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University di Milano, Italy.
• ⁶Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy; "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy.
• ⁷"L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy.

Abstract

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation, with growing incidence worldwide over the last decades and distinctive features in the pediatric age. An increasing body of evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a major role in inflammatory disorders, including IBDs. In this review we will discuss the most recent evidences on dysbiotic changes associated with gut inflammation, as well as environmental and genetic factors contributing to IBD pathogenesis, with a focus on the peculiarities of the pediatric age.